IRLF 


SB   Eb?   573 


V 


LIB  R  ARY 

OF   THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

GIKT    OF 


Received 
Accessions  No.^t  $/.  2      Shelf  No. 


NATIONAL  GUARDSMAN 

IN   CAMP. 

DUTIES  OF  OFFICERS  AND  SOLDIERS 


COMPILED  BY 

MAJOR.  GrKORGrE)  EX  BURDICK, 

it 

First  Infantry,  N.  G.  C. 


SACRAMENTO: 

A.  j.  JOHNSTON,  :  :  :  :  :  SUPT.  STATB  PRINTING. 
1892. 


t* 


GENERAL  HEADQUARTERS, 

STATE  OF  CALIFORNIA, 
ADJUTANT-GENERAI/S  OFFICE, 
SACRAMENTO,  July  i,  1892. 

GENERAL  ORDERS,  | 
No.  14.  J 

The  following  rules  and  regulations  for  govern- 
ment of  officers  and  enlisted  men  of  the  National 
Guard  of  California  are  hereby  adopted  and  pub- 
lished for  the  information  of  all  concerned. 

By  order  of  the  Commander-in-Chief. 

C.  C.  ALLEN, 

Adjutant-General. 
Official: 


Assistant  Adjutant-General. 


GENERAL  CAMP  REGULATIONS. 


Field  Officer  of  the  Day. 

1.  A  field  officer  will  be  detailed  daily  as  field 
officer  of  the  day.     It  will  be  his  duty  to  see  that 
all  orders  and  regulations  pertaining  to  the  camp 
are  faithfully  and  promptly  carried  out. 

He  will  receive  his  orders  only  from  the  com- 
mander of  the  camp. 

Any  orders  delivered  by  him  must  be  promptly 
obeyed. 

Officer  of  the  Day  (Regimental). 

2.  Both  old  and  new  officers  of  the  day  will  be 
present  at  guard-mounting.     After  the  old  officer 
of  the  day  has .  given  the  old  standing  orders  to 
the  new  officer  of  the  day,  they  will  proceed  to 
the    guard-house;    on    approaching    which    each 
officer  of  the  day  will  place  himself  about  twelve 
yards  in  front  of  the  center  of  and  facing  his  own 
guard,  and  will  return  the  salute  of  its  command- 
ers.    While  the  old  guard  is  being  relieved,  they 
will  inspect  the  guard-house  or  tents,  and  verify 
the  number  of  prisoners. 

3.  All   persons   under   guard,    without    written 
charges,  will  be  released  by  the  old  officer  of  the 


day  at  guard-mounting,  unless  specific  orders  to 
the  contrary  have  been  given  in  each  case  by  the 
commanding  officer  of  the  camp  or  of  his  regi- 
ment. He  will  at  the  same  time  release  all  pris- 
oners whose  sentences  expire  on  that  day. 

4.  The  officers  of  the  day  will  then  report  to 
the   commanding   officer    of   their    regiment,    to 
whom  the  officer  relieved  presents  the  report  of 
the  commander  of  the  guard,  with  such  remarks 
entered    thereon    as    orders     and    circumstances 
require.     At  the  same  time  the  new  officer  of  the 
day  receives  his  instructions. 

5.  The  officer  of  the  day  is  responsible  for  the 
enforcement    of   all    police    regulations,    and    is 
charged  with  the  execution  of  the  orders  of  the 
commanding  officers  relating  to  the  safety,  order, 
and  police  of  the  post  or  camp.     He  will,  with 
the  surgeon  and  hospital  steward,    inspect  thor- 
oughly the  quarters,  sinks,  guard-tent,  etc.,  of  his 
regiment  daily,  and  the  camp  will  not  be  open 
until  everything  is  in  satisfactory  condition. 

6.  The  officer  of  the  day  is  subject  to  the  orders 
of  the  commanding  officer  of  the  camp,   of  his 
regiment,  and  of  the  field  officer  of  the  day  only. 
His  actual  tour  of  duty  begins  when  the  old  sen- 
tinels are  relieved  by  the  new.    While  the  sentinels 
are  being  relieved,  the  new  officer  of  the  day  is 
responsible  for  the  proper  performance  of  duty  by 
the  new  sentinels  just  posted,  and  the  old  officer 
of  the  day  for  the  old  sentinels  not  yet  relieved. 


7.  He  is  responsible  for  the  proper  performance 
of  guard  duty  during  his  tour,  and  will  inspect  the 
guard  and  sentinels  during  the  day  and  night,  at 
such  times  as  he  may  deem  necessary.     He  will 
visit  them  at  night  at  least  once  after  12  o'clock. 
When  he  deems  it  necessary  or  expedient,  he  will 
prescribe  patrols  and  visits  of  inspection  to  be 
made  by  officers  or  non-commissioned  officers  of 
the  guard. 

8.  He  will  see  that  the  commander  of  the  guard 
is  furnished  with  the  parole  and  countersign  before 
retreat,  and  will  inform  him  of  the  presence,  in 
the  post  or  camp,  of  any  stranger  who  is  entitled 
to  compliment. 

Orderlies. 

9.  When  so  directed,  the  adjutant  will  select  an 
orderly  for  the  new  guard,  a  supernumerary  being 
detailed  for  guard  for  this  purpose. 

10.  The  selection  will  usually  be  made  during 
the  inspection  at  guard-mounting.     The   soldier 
will  be  chosen  who  is  most  correct  in  the  perform- 
ance  of  duty  and  military  bearing,    neatest    in 
person  and  clothing,  and  whose  arms  and  accou- 
trements are  in  the  best  condition.   Clothing,  arms, 
and  equipments  must  conform  strictly  to  the  regu- 
lations prescribing  the  uniform.    If  there  be  doubt 
as  to  the  relative  merits  of  two  or  more  soldiers, 
the  adjutant  may  proceed  to  the  guard-house  and 
cause  them  to  form  in  line  a  few  paces  to  the  right 


of  the  guard,  after  it  has  been  brought  to  an  order. 
They  fall  in,  in  single  rank,  facing  to  the  front, 
with  arms  at  an  order.  The  adjutant  will  cause 
them  to  execute  the  manual  of  arms,  to  march, 
etc.,  both  with  and  without  the  numbers,  the  most 
proficient  being  selected  as  orderly.  The  adjutant 
will  notify  the  commander  of  the  guard  of  his 
selection. 

11.  After  the   guard  has   been   brought  to   an 
order  at  the  guard-house,  the  commander  of  the 
guard  will  direct  the  soldier  selected  as   orderly 
to  report  to  the  commanding  officer.     The  soldier 
will  then  give  his  name,  company,  and  regiment 
to  the  sergeant  of  the  guard,  and  leaving  his  rifle 
in   his  company  quarters,  will  proceed  at  once  to 
the  commanding  officer,   reporting:    "Sir;    Pri- 
vate   ,  Company ,  reports  as  orderly." 

If  the  orderly  selected  be  a  cavalryman,  he  will 
leave  his  carbine  in  his  company  quarters,  and 
report  equipped  with  saber-belt  and  saber. 

12.  The  orderly  during  his  tour  is  subject  to  the 
orders  of  the  commanding  officer  whose  orderly 
he  is  only. 

13.  The  orderly  may  be  excused  from  such  duty 
between  retreat  and  reveille,  and  may  be  permitted 
to  sleep  in  his  company  quarters,  or  in  such  other 
place  as  the  commanding  officer  may  direct. 


Prisoners. 

The  commander  of  a  guard  will  place  a  civilian 
in  confinement  only  on  an  order  from  higher 
authority,  unless  such  civilian  be  arrested  while 
in  the  act  of  committing  some  offense  within  the 
limits  of  the  military  jurisdiction;  in  which  case 
the  commanding  officer  will  be  immediately  noti- 
fied. 

Non-commissioned  officers  will  not  be  confined 
at  the  guard-house  in  company  with  privates,  but 
will  be  placed  in  arrest  in  their  barracks  or  quar- 
ters, except  in  aggravated  cases,  where  escape  is 
feared. 

The  arrest  of  a  non-commissioned  officer  and 
the  confinement  of  a  soldier  will  be  reported  to 
his  immediate  commander  as  soon  as  practicable. 

A  prisoner  under  charge  of  a  sentinel  will  not 
salute  an  officer.  The  sentinel  only  will  salute. 

Prisoners,  when  paraded  with  the  guard,  are 
placed  in  line,  in  its  center.  Having  formed  the 
guard  the  sergeant  will  divide  it  into  two  equal 
parts.  Indicating  the  point  of  division  with  his 
hand,  he  will  then  command  :  i.  Right  (or  left), 
2.  FACE,  3.  Forward,  4.  MARCH,  5.  Guard,  6. 
HAI/T,  7.  Left  (or  right ),  8.  FACE. 

The  right  or  left  half  only  of  the  guard  will 
execute  the  above  movements.  If  the  first  com- 
mand be  right  face,  the  right  half  of  the  guard 
only  will  excute  them;  if  left  face,  the  left  half 


—  10  — 

only  will  execute  them.  The  command  halt  is 
given  when  sufficient  interval  is  obtained  to  admit 
the  prisoners.  The  doors  of  the  guard-room  are 
then  opened  by  a  non-commissioned  officer.  The 
prisoners  will  file  out  under  the  supervision  of 
the  sergeant  of  the  guard,  the  non-commissioned 
officer,  and  the  sentinel  on  duty  at  the  guard- 
house, and  will  form  in  line  in  the  interval  between 
the  two  parts  of  the  guard. 

To  return  the  prisoners  to  the  guard-room,  the 
sergeant  will  command:  i.  Prisoners,  2.  Right, 
3.  FACE,  4.  Forward,  5.  Column  right,  6.  MARCH. 

The  prisoners,  under  the  same  supervision  as 
before,  will  return  to  the  guard-house,  and  the 
sergeant  will  close  the  guard  in  to  the  left  (or 
right). 

Prisoners  will  be  paraded  at  reveille  roll-call. 

Prisoners  are  not  permitted  to  have  playing 
cards  in  their  possession. 

Countersigns  and  Paroles. 

14.  Countersigns,  paroles,  and  watchwords  will 
be  used  in  the  performance  of  guard  duty.  The 
''countersign"  is  a  word  given  daily  to  enable 
guards  and  sentinels  to  distinguish  persons  at 
night.  It  is  given  to  such  persons  as  are  entitled 
to  pass  and  repass  during  the  night,  and  to  the 
officer,  non-commissioned  officers,  and  sentinels 
of  the  guard.  To  officers  commanding  guards,  a 
second  word,  called  the  "  parole,"  will  be  given 


—  11  — 

as  a  check  upon  the  countersign,  by  which  such 
officers  as  are  entitled  to  make  visits  of  inspection 
at  night  may  be  distinguished. 

15.  Sentinels  will  not  make  use  of  the  counter- 
sign except  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  them  to 
distinguish  persons  while  on   duty  as  sentinels. 
Interior  guards  receive  the  countersign  only  when 
ordered  by  the  commander  of  the  troops. 

16.  If  the  countersign  be  improperly  divulged, 
the  commander  on  the  spot  will  substitute  another 
for  it,  and  report  the  case  at  once  to  the  proper 
superior,  that  immediate  notice  may  be  given  to 
headquarters. 

17.  The  parole  is  given  to  such  persons  only  as 
have  a  right  to  inspect  the  guard,  and  to  officers 
in  command  of  guards. 

18.  The  countersign  will  be  given  from  the  post 
commander's   headquarters  to  each  commanding 
officer  or  his  adjutant,  and  by  them  to  commis- 
sioned officers  only;  and   a  commissioned  officer 
having  the  countersign,    will,  under  no  circum- 
stances or  conditions,  communicate  it  to  any  other 
officer  or  person. 

19.  Commissioned  officers  will  not,  under  any 
circumstances,  use  the  countersign  to  pass  an  en- 
listed man   or   men,   and  .this   whether  in   their 
company  or  not. 


—  12  — 
Passes. 

20.  All  passes  given  to  enlisted  men  must  be 
countersigned  by  the  commanding  officer  of  each 
regiment  or  unattached  company,  or  by  his  order, 
and  they  will  be  given  only  in  cases  of  necessity, 
not  as   a  privilege  or  compliment,  and  must  be 
presented  at  the  guard-house  when  returning  to 
camp. 

Between  taps  and  reveille,  unless  otherwise 
ordered,  all  non-commissioned  officers  and  men 
leaving  or  entering  the  camp  must  do  so  at  the 
guard-house. 

Patrols. 

21.  A  patrol  is  a  small  detachment  of  two  or 
more  men  detailed  to  observe  and  obtain  informa- 
tion of  the  enemy,   or  to   perform   some  special 
service  connected  with  guard  duty.     Patrols  are 
usually  detailed  from  the  guard,  and  receive  their 
instructions  from  its  commander. 

22.  If  the  patrol  be  required  to  go  beyond  the 
chain  of   sentinels,    the   officer    or  non-commis- 
sioned officer   in   command  should  be  furnished 
with    the    countersign,    and    the    outposts     and 
sentinels  warned. 

23.  If  challenged   by   a  sentinel,  the  patrol  is 
halted  by  its  commander,   and  the  non-commis- 
sioned officer  accompanying  it  advances  alone,  and 
gives  the  countersign. 


Miscellaneous . 

24.  All  officers  will  consider  exactness  of  time 
at  places  of  assembly  as  one  of  the  first  principles 
of  military  duty. 

25.  None  other  than  the  prescribed  uniform  will 
be  worn. 

26.  "Full  dress"  does  not  mean  full  dress  in 
every  particular,  save  one  or  two,  but  means  "full 
dress"  throughout. 

27.  Whenever  the  blouse  is  worn  by  officers  or 
enlisted  men  of  this  command,  it  will  invariably 
be  buttoned  up  when  out  of  quarters. 

28.  Officers  and  men  will  be  particular  in  salut- 
ing when  out  of  camp. 

29.  Overcoats  may  be  worn  at  reveille  roll-call. 

30.  When  on  fatigue  duty,  fatigue  uniform  will 
be  worn. 

31.  Officers  and  enlisted  men  on  the  sick  report 
will  not  be  permitted  to  go  beyond  the  limits  of 
the  camp,  except  by  the  permission  of  their  camp 
commander,  after  recommendation  by  the  attend- 
ing medical  officer. 

32.  Officers  will  not  be  permitted  to  put  them- 
selves on  the  sick  report,  nor  to  report  themselves 
for  duty  after  having  been   on   the   sick  report, 
except   by  authority  of  the  medical  officer  who 
attends  them. 

33.  All  official  business  of  a  routine  nature  con- 
nected with  the  adjutant's  office,  will  be  transacted 


—  14  — 

at  the  office  during  the  morning  hour  and  at  7  p.  M. 
daily. 

34.  All  company  officers  will  attend  the  drills 
prescribed  for  their  organizations,  unless  specially 
excused  by  their  regimental  commander. 

35.  All  persons,  of  whatever  rank  in  the  service, 
are  required  to  observe  respect  towards  sentinels. 

36.  The  salute  of  a  sentinel  will  invariably  be 
returned  by  the  officer  saluted. 

37.  Standing  at  attention  by  a  sentinel,  after  the 
hour  for  challenging,  is  sufficient  compliment  to 
require  its  recognition,  by  a  salute,  from  an  officer 
in  passing. 

38.  Any  person  entitled  to  compliment  from  a 
guard,  who   does   not   desire   to  have  the  guard 
formed  for  him,  will,  at  the  call  of  the  sentinel  at 
the  guard-house  designating  his  title,  either  salute 
or  say  loud  enough  to  be  heard  by  the  sentinel: 
4 '  Never  mind  the  guard. ' ' 

39.  Under  no  circumstances  will  the  flag  of  a 
military  post  be  dipped  by  way  of  salute  or  com- 
pliment. 

40.  If  a  member  of  the  guard  is  taken  sick,  he 
should   be   sent   to    the    hospital    (under   a   non- 
commissioned officer  in  case  of  a  private)  with  the 
guard  sick  report-book. 

41.  If  taken  on  the  sick  report,  the  officer  of  the 
day  will  send  him  to  report  to  the  first  sergeant  of 
his  company,  that  he  has  been  relieved  from  guard 
by  the  commanding  officer  on  account  of  sickness. 


—  15  — 

42.  A  salute  is  a  mark  of  honor,  a  compliment, 
or  an  expression  of  respect  paid  by  individuals  or 
nations  to  each  other.     They  are   also  marks  to 
celebrate  great   events.      They   are   rendered   by 
motions  of  the  hands,  by  the  roar  of  cannon  and 
discharge  of  small  arms,  by  the  dipping  of  flags, 
the  roll  of  drums,  and  the  playing  of  music. 

43.  Salutes  are  divided  into   two  classes,   viz.: 
Personal  Salutes,  being  those  rendered  to  individu- 
als, and  General  Salutes,  being  those  rendered  to 
nations  or  their  representatives,  or  to  celebrate 
events  of  a  national  character. 

The  Drill  Regulations  say:  "Courtesy  among 
military  men  is  indispensable  to  discipline;  respect 
to  superiors  will  not  be  confined  to  obedience  on 
duty,  but  will  be  extended  on  all  occasions." 

The  Army  Regulations  say:  "All  officers  will 
salute  each  other  on  meeting,  and  in  making  or 
receiving  official  reports.  A  mounted  officer  dis- 
mounts before  addressing  a  superior  not  mounted. 
In  all  cases  the  junior  salutes  first." 

From  the  foregoing  it  will  be  seen  that  the 
salute  is  a  courtesy  and  mark  of  respect.  Among 
military  people  it  is  an  evidence  of  discipline,  and 
it  may  always  be  taken  for  granted  that  where 
officers  and  men  of  a  command  carry  out  the  pro- 
visions regarding  salutes,  the  discipline  of  that 
command  will  be  most  excellent.  The  salute  is  a 
mark  between  people  of  the  same  profession  that 
indicates  that  they  have  a  common  bond,  and  it  is 


—  16  — 

as  incumbent  on  the  officer  to  return  the  salute,  as 
it  is  on  the  enlisted  man  to  give  it.  It  is  often 
asked:  "Should  the  salute  be  given  at  all  times?" 
and,  "  If  a  junior  refuses  to  render  the  salute,  who 
can  compel  him  to?"  In  regard  to  the  first,  it 
may  be  said,  that  there  is  but  one  bond  between 
gentlemen  the  world  over,  and  the  rendering  of  the 
salute  to  an  officer  must  be  considered  in  the  light 
that  gentlemen  render  courtesy  to  each  other.  In 
regard  to  the  second  question,  it  may  be  said  that 
no  one  has  the  power  to  punish  but  the  commanding 
officer,  and  to  compel  the  salute  carries  with  it  the 
power  of  punishment  in  case  of  refusal.  If  a  man 
or  officer  willfully  refuses  to  give  or  acknowledge 
a  salute,  then  the  other  party  should  report  the 
case  to  the  commanding  officer,  who,  for  the  good 
of  the  service,  may  not  only  require  the  salute, 
but  also  may  make  such  conditions  regarding  the 
giving  of  it  as  may  make  it  punishment.  When 
several  soldiers  pass  an  officer  at  the  same  time, 
they  all  salute  when  at  six  paces  from  the  officer, 
holding  the  hand  at  the  visor  until  the  salute  is 
acknowledged  or  the  officer  passed.  On  approach- 
ing an  officer,  and  halting  to  receive  an  order,  the 
salute  is  given,  and  repeated  on  retiring.  If  called 
at  a  distance,  answer  "Sir,"  and  salute;  and  in 
replying,  end  it  by  "Sir,"  and  the  salute.  The 
Drill  Regulations  and  Army  Regulations  give 
nature,  number,  and  time  of  all  salutes;  and  if 
they  were  studied  as  much  and  as  carefully  as  the 


—  17  — 

manual  of  arms,  there  would  not  be  the  general 
ignorance  and  indifference  on  this  subject  that  has 
existed. 

A  salute  with  cannon  is  a  certain  number  of 
guns  fired  at  certain  intervals.  The  intervals 
should  be  five  seconds  between  discharges  for  field 
guns,  eight  seconds  for  siege  guns,  and  ten  seconds 
for  seacoast  cannon.  A  salvo  is  the  simultaneous 
discharge  of  two  or  more  cannon,  and  corresponds 
to  the  volley  of  small  arms.  Only  funeral  salutes 
are  fired  with  small  arms. 

All  officers  and  non-commissioned  officers  should 
be  addressed  by  their  titles  upon  all  occasions, 
except,  at  times  when  off  duty,  when  familiarity 
is  admissible  between  officers;  but  they  should 
never  address  each  other  by  their  given  names 
even  then,  but  by  their  surnames.  It  is  impossi- 
ble to  prescribe  to  what  extent  the  calling  of  each 
other  by  surnames  is  permissible  among  officers; 
that  is  something  which  must  be  determined 
entirely  by  their  own  good  sense  and  the  sur- 
rounding circumstances;  but  upon  all  occasions, 
when  upon  duty,  or  in  the  presence  of  enlisted 
men  or  of  strangers,  the  proper  title  must  be 
given  to  each  and  every  officer  when  addressing 
him.  Privates  are  always  addressed  by  their  sur- 
names, and  never  by  their  given  names. 

A  colonel  or  a  post  commander  who  wishes  to 
see  one  of  his  subalterns,  says  to  his  orderly: 

2-N 


—  18  — 

''''Give  my  compliments  to  Lieutenant  So-and-So, 
and  say  I  wish  to  see  him  at  the  office" 

The  orderly  goes  in  search  of  the  designated 
officer,  and  finding  him,  halts,  stands  at  attention, 
salutes,  and,  if  a  well-instructed  soldier,  delivers 
his  message  in  this  wise:  "The  commanding  offi- 
cer" s  compliments,  sir,  and  desires  to  see  the  Lieu- 
tenant at  the  office"  and  in  like  manner  to  an}^ 
officer. 

An  adjutant  carrying  an  order  or  message  from 
his  commanding  officer  is,  or  should  be,  equally 
punctilious.  If  to  a  captain  or  lieutenant  com- 
manding a  company,  he  salutes  with  the  hand, 
unless  it  be  on  drill  or  march,  while  swords  are 
drawn:  "  Captain  Brown,  Colonel  Smith  directs 
that  you  send  a  sergeant  and  three  men  to  guard 
the  ammunition  wagons  "  The  answer  should  be: 
* '  Very  well,  sir, "  or  "  Very  good,  sir. ' '  The  junior 
should  then  salute. 

The  Soldiers  on  Guard. 

44.  Soldiers  will  not  remove  their  clothing  while 
on  guard. 

45.  They  will  not  leave  the  immediate  vicinity 
of  the  guard-house  without  permission  from  the 
commander  of  the  guard. 

46.  During  his  tour  of  guard  duty  a  soldier  is 
subject  to  the  orders  of  the  commanding  officer  of 
the  camp,  of  his  regiment,  the  field  officer  of  the 


—  19  — 

day,  the  officer  of  the  day,  officers  and  non-com- 
missioned officers  of  the  guard  only. 

Officer  of  the  G-uard. 

47.  The  officer  of  the  guard,  while  marching  his 
guard   to   or  from   the   guard-house,    will   salute 
general  officers,  the  commanding  officer,  and  the 
officer   of  the   day,  first  bringing  his  guard  to  a 
carry.     In  the  same  way,  he  will  also  salute  any 
person  entitled  to  compliment  from  the  guard. 

48.  Immediately  after  bringing  his  guard  to  an 
order  at  the  guard-house,  the  commander  of  the 
new  guard  divides  the  guard  into  three  reliefs, 

first,  second ',  and  third,  from  right  to  left,  and 
directs  a  list  of  the  guard  to  be  made.  The  senti- 
nels and  detachment  of  the  old  guard  are  at  once 
relieved  by  members  of  the  new  guard.  While 
this  is  doing,  the  two  guards  stand  at  rest,  and  the 
old  commander  gives  to  the  new  all  necessary  in- 
formation and  instructions  relating  to  the  guard 
and  its  duties.  The  new  commander  then  pro- 
ceeds to  take  possession  of  the  guard-house,  and 
the  articles  in  charge  of  the  guard.  He  dismisses 
his  guard  when  the  old  guard  has  marched  about 
fifty  yards  from  its  post  after  having  ordered  fix 
bayonets.  If  there  be  no  arm  racks,  he  will  cause 
arms  to  be  stacked. 

49.  The   commander   of  a  guard  receives   and 
obeys  the  orders  of  the  officer  of  the  day  and  the 
commanding  officer  of  the  camp,  of  his  regiment, 


—  20  — 

and  the  field  officer  of  the  day,  and  they  only  are 
entitled  to  inspect  the  guard,  and  will  transmit  to 
his  successor  all  instructions  and  information 
relating  to  his  post. 

50.  The  commander  of  the  guard  will  enter  in 
the  guard  report  a  report  of  his  tour  of  service, 
which  he  will  present  to  the  officer  of  the  day  on 
the   completion  of  his  tour.     He  will   transmit, 
with  his  report,  all  passes  turned  in  to  the  ser- 
geant of  the  guard. 

51.  The  commander  of  the  guard  will  see  that 
the  countersign  is  duly  communicated  to  the  sen- 
tinels at  the  proper  time  before  twilight,  or  at  the 
hour  designated  by  the  commanding  officer.     The 
countersign  will  not  be  given  to  the  sentinel  at 
the  guard-house. 

52.  During  the  day,  the  guard  of  a  camp  or  gar- 
rison  turn   out   and   present   arms   to  a   general 
officer,  the  commander  of  the  post  or  camp,  the 
field  officer  of  the  day,  and  the  officer  of  the  day. 

53.  Guards  will  turn  out  and  present  arms  to 
officers  entitled  to  the  compliment   as   often  as 
they  pass. 

54.  All  guards  will  turn  out  under  arms  wrhen 
armed   parties   approach  their   posts;   to  parties 
commanded  by  commissioned  officers  they  will 
present  arms,  officers  saluting. 

55.  The  national  and  regimental  colors  passing 
a  guard  will  be  saluted,  the  trumpets  or  field  music 
sounding  a  march. 


56.  When  any  person  entitled  to  have  the  guard 
"  turned  out "  passes  a  guard  between  reveille  and 
retreat,  the  commander  of  the  guard  will  see  that 
it  is  promptly  formed,  if  it  be  necessary  to  form 
it;  the  guard  having  been  formed,  he  will  receive 
the  report  of  the  sergeant  of  the  guard,  returning 
the  salute  of  the  latter  with  the  right  hand. 

He  will  then  draw  his  sword,  and  without  dress- 
ing the  guard,  will  place  himself  two  yards  in 
front  of  its  center.  When  the  person  for  whom 
the  guard  has  been  turned  out  approaches,  the 
officer  of  the  guard  faces  his  guard,  brings  it  to 
present  arms,  resumes  his  front  and  salutes,  report- 
ing, if  it  be  the  commanding  officer  or  officer  of 
the  day:  "Sir,  the  guard  is  present ;"  or,  "Sir,  the 
guard  and  prisoners  are  present;"  or,  "Sir,  the 
guard  is  present  and  the  prisoners  are  secure;"  or, 
"Sir,  (So  and  So]  is  absent"  except  that  at  guard- 
mounting,  the  officers  of  the  guard  simply  salute, 
without  making  any  report  to  the  officers  of  the 
day. 

When  his  salute  is  acknowledged,  he  will  resume 
the  carry,  face  about,  and  bring  the  guard  to  carry ', 
and  resume  his  proper  front. 

57.  If  the  person  entitled  to   the   compliment 
pass  in  rear  of  the  guard,  it  does  not  salute,  but 
stands  at  a  carry;  if  he  pass  in  front  or  on  either 
side  of  the  guard,  it  being  already  formed,  the 
commander  of  the  guard  brings    the  guard   to  a 
present,  and    salutes,  without    reporting,    as    he 
passes. 


—  22  — 

58.  If  a  guard  be  commanded  by  a  commissioned 
officer,  no  compliment  will  be  paid  to  any  officer 
not  entitled  to  inspect  it.     A  guard  being  in  line, 
and  not  under    inspection,   a   non-commissioned 
officer  in  command  will  salute  all  officers  not  en- 
titled to  inspect  the  guard  with  the  rifle  salute,  the 
guard  standing  at  a  carry. 

59.  Guards  do  not  turn  out  as  a  matter  of  com- 
pliment after  sunset,  nor  will  any  compliments  be 
paid  by  them  between  retreat  and  reveille. 

60.  A  guard  may  be  turned  out  between  retreat 
and  reveille  by  direction  of  any  person  entitled 
to  inspect  it.     The  guard  being  formed,  its  com- 
mander will  say,  "Advance,  (So  and  So}"  adding, 
"'with  the  parole"  if  he  deem  it  necessary.     The 
person  being  duly  recognized  as  an  officer  entitled 
to  inspect  the  guard,  the  commander  will  present 
it  as  above  described,  except  that  he  salutes  and 
reports  without  bringing  the  guard  to  &  present. 

61.  The  sentinels  at  the  post  of  the  guard  have 
orders  not  to  permit  enlisted  men  to  pass  without 
reporting;  to  warn  the  commander  of  the  approach 
of  an  armed  body;  and  to  arrest  all  suspicious  or 
disorderly  persons. 

62.  It  is  the  duty  of  the  officer  of  the  guard  to 
see  that  the  proper  flag  is  hoisted. 

63.  The   flag   shall   be  hoisted   at  reveille  and 
lowered  at  retreat.     In  case  of  storm,  either  of 
wind  or  rain,  he  will  see  that  the  storm  flag  is 
promptly  raised. 


—  23  — 

When  practicable,  a  detail  consisting  of  a  non- 
commissioned officer  and  two  privates  of  the 
guard,  will  be  detailed  to  raise  or  lower  the  flag. 
This  detail  is  formed  in  line,  in  side  arms,  and 
inarched  to  the  staff,  the  non-commissioned  officer, 
carrying  the  flag,  in  the  center.  The  flag  is  then 
securely  attached  to  the  halyards,  and  if  at  reveille, 
is  rapidly  hoisted  at  the  sounding  of  the  first  note 
of  the  reveille,  or  the  first  note  of  the  march,  if  a 
march  is  played  before  the  reveille.  The  halyards 
are  then  securely  fastened  to  the  cleat  on  the  staff. 

At  retreat  the  flag  is  lowered  at  the  sounding  of 
the  last  note  of  the  retreat.  It  is  then  neatly 
folded  and  the  halyards  are  made  fast.  The  de- 
tail is  then  marched  to  the  guard-house,  where 
the  flag  is  turned  over  to  the  commander  of  the 
guard. 

64.  Prisoners  will  be  paraded  at  reveille  roll-call. 

65.  The  guard  will  parade  during  dress  parade 
in  the  same  uniform  as  the  battalion. 

Sergeant  of  the  Guard. 

66.  Immediately  after  guard-mounting,  the  ser- 
geant of  the  guard  will  prepare  duplicate  lists  of 
the  names,  reliefs,  and  posts  of  all  non-commis- 
sioned  officers,    musicians,    and    privates   of  the 
guard. 

One  list  will  be  handed,  as  soon  as  possible,  to 
the  commander  of  the  guard;  the  other  will  be 
retained  by  the  sergeant. 


—  24  — 

67.  The  sergeant  of  the  guard  has  supervision 
over  the  other  non-commissioned  officers  and  the 
privates  of  the  guard,  and  will  familiarize  himself 
with  all  orders   and   duties   of  corporals    of  the 
guard  and   of  sentinels.      He   will   see   that   the 
reliefs  are  turned  out  at  the  proper  time,  and  that 
the  corporals  thoroughly  understand  and  are  zeal- 
ous and  prompt  in  the  discharge  of  their  duties. 

68.  At  orderly  hour  he  will  proceed  to  the  adju- 
tant's office  and  obtain  the  guard  report  blank. 

69.  Upon   the   return   of   the    soldiers    having 
passes,  the  latter  will  be  given  to  the  sergeant  of 
the  guard,  who  will  indorse  upon  them  the  time 
at  which  each  of  the  parties  included  in  a  pass 
individually  returns.     At  guard-mounting  he  will 
turn  over  all  passes  so  received  to  the  commander 
of  the  guard. 

70.  Whenever  the  guard  is  turned  out,  it  is  the 
duty   of  the   sergeant   of  the   guard   to   form   it 
promptly.    To  form  the  guard,  the  sergeant,  three 
yards  in  front  of  and  facing  its  center,  commands: 
"Fall  in." 

The  guard  falls  in,  facing  to  the  front,  with  bay- 
onets fixed,  in  double  ranks,  and  with  arms  at  an 
order;  the  field  music  will  form  two  yards  to  the 
right  of  the  front  rank. 

The  sergeant  then  commands:  "  i.  Right  shoul- 
der, 2.  ARMS." 

He  then  calls  the  roll,  each  man  answering 
"Plere"  and  coming  to  order  arms  as  his  name  is 
called. 


—  25  — 

The  sergeant  then  faces  the  commander  of  the 
guard,  executes  the  rifle  salute,  and  reports:  "Sir, 
the  guard  is  present;"  or,  "Sir,  the  guard  and  pris- 
oners are  present;"  or,  "Sir,  the  guard  is  present 
and  the  prisoners  are  secure;"  or,  Sir,  (So  and  So] 
is  absent  "  Only  men  absent  without  permission 
are  reported  absent. 

The  sergeant  will  then  take  his  place,  without 
command,  on  the  right  of  the  front  rank  of  the 
guard. 

71.  When  the  guard  is  turned  out  as  a  matter 
of  compliment,  calling  the  roll  will  be  dispensed 
with.     The  same  rule   will   apply  whenever  the 
guard  is  formed  in  a  sudden  emergency  or  on  the 
approach  of  an  armed  party.     In  such  cases  the 
roll  will  be  called  before  dismissing  the  guard. 

Corporal  of  the  Guard. 

72.  Corporals  of  the  guard  are  assigned  to  re- 
liefs by  the  commander  of  the  guard. 

73.  It  is  the  duty  of  the  corporal  of  the  guard 
to  post  and  relieve  sentinels,  and  to  instruct  the 
members  of  his  relief  in  their  orders  and  duties. 

74.  Each  corporal  will  make  a  list  of  the  mem- 
bers of  his  relief,  including  himself.    This  list  will 
contain  the  number  of  the  relief,  the  name,  com- 
pany, and  regiment  of  every  member  thereof,  and 
the   post  to  which  each  is  assigned.     It  will  be 
made  in  duplicate,  one  copy  to  be  given  to  the 
sergeant  or  senior  non-commissioned  officer  of  the 


guard  as  soon  as  completed,  the  other  to  be  re- 
tained by  the  corporal. 

75.  Before  posting  a  relief,  the  corporal  com- 
mands: "Call  off"  Commencing  on  the  right, 
the  men  call  off  alternately,  front  and  rear  rank, 
one,  two,  three,  four,  and  so  on;  if  in  single  rank, 
they  call  off  from  right  to  left. 

The  corporal  then  commands:  "  I.  Right,  2. 
FACE,  3.  Forward,  4.  MARCH." 

In  wet  weather  the  relief  may  be  marched  at 
secure  arms. 

The  corporal  marches  on  the  left,  and  near 
the  rear  file,  in  order  to  observe  the  march.  The 
corporal  of  the  old  guard  marches  on  the  right  of 
the  leading  file,  and  takes  command  when  the  last 
one  of  the  old  sentinels  is  relieved,  changing 
places  with  the  corporal  of  the  new  guard. 

When  the  relief  arrives  at  fifteen  yards  from  a 
sentinel,  he  halts  and  faces  toward  it  with  arms 
at  a  carry.  At  six  yards  from  him,  the  corporal 
commands:  "  i.  Relief,  2.  HAI/T." 

The  corporal  then  adds,  according  to  the  num- 
ber of  the  post:  "  i.  No.  (— ),  2.  Port,  3.  ARMS." 

At  the  third  command,  the  two  sentinels  come 
to  port  arms  and  approach  each  other. 

The  old  sentinel,  under  the  supervision  of  both 
corporals,  whispers  his  special  orders  to  the  one 
taking  post. 

The  corporals  advance  and  place  themselves, 
facing  each  other,  a  little  in  advance  of  the  new 


—  27  — 

sentinel,  the  old  corporal  on  his  right,  the  new 
corporal  on  his  left,  both  remaining  at  a  carry. 

The  orders  having  been  communicated,  the  new 
corporal  steps  back  two  paces  and  commands  the 
relief:  "  i.  Forward,  2.  MARCH." 

As  the  relief  passes,  the  corporals  take  their 
respective  places  and  the  old  sentinel  falls  in  in 
his  place  in  rear. 

76.  The  sentinels  at  the  guard-house  are  the  first 
relieved  and  are  left  behind. 

77.  The   corporals,    while   posting  their  relief, 
will  march  at  a  right  shoulder. 

78.  To  post  a  relief  at  any  other  time  than  at 
guard-mounting,  its  corporal  forms  it  by  the  com- 
mands: "  i.  (Such]  relief,  2.  FALI,  IN." 

The  relief  is  formed  in  double  rank  facing  to 
the  front,  with  arms  at  an  order  and  with  bayo- 
nets fixed;  the  men  will  take  place  according  to 
the  number  of  their  respective  posts,  viz.:  one, 
three,  five,  and  so  on,  in  the  front  rank;  two,  four, 
six,  and  so  on,  in  the  rear  rank.  The  corporal, 
standing  about  two  yards  in  front  of  the  center  of 
his  relief,  then  commands:  "  Call  off  " 

The  men  call  oft'  as  prescribed  above.  The  cor- 
poral then  places  himself  on  the  right  of  the  front 
rank,  and,  executing  the  rifle  salute,  reports  to  the 
officer  of  the  guard:  "  Sir,  the  relief  is  present '." 

The  relief  having  been  inspected,  the  officer  of 
the  guard  directs  the  corporal:  "Post your  relief ." 
The  corporal  salutes  and  posts  his  relief  as  above 


—  28  — 

prescribed.  The  corporal  will  execute,  with  his 
relief,  the  command  of  the  officer  of  the  guard  for 
inspection. 

79.  In  posting  reliefs,  but  one  corporal  goes  with 
the  relief,  except  the  one  of  the  new  guard  first 
posted  after  guard-mounting.     In  this  case,  the 
corporal  will  post  his  relief  as  above  prescribed; 
returning,  the  corporal  of  the  old  guard  will  form 
the  relief  on  the  left  of  the  old  guard,  and,  salut- 
ing, report  to  the  commander  of  his  guard:  "Sir, 
the  relief  is  present, ' '  and  will  then  take  his  proper 
place  in  the  guard.     The  corporal  of  the  new  guard 
falls  out  as  the  relief  halts. 

80.  To  dismiss  the  old  relief,  except  in  the  fore- 
going case,  it  is  halted  and  faced  to  the  front  at 
the  guard-house  by  the  corporal  of  the  new  relief 
temporarily  in  command,  who  then  falls  out.     The 
corporal  of  the  old  relief  then  places  himself  on 
the  right  of  its  front  rank,  and,  saluting  the  com- 
mander of  the  guard,  reports:  "  Sir,  the  relief  is 
present. ' ' 

After  inspection,  the  commander  of  the  guard 
commands:  "Dismiss  the  relief"  The  corporal, 
after  saluting,  commands:  "  i.  Port^  2.  ARMS, 
3.  Dismissed." 

81.  Should  any  sentinel  call  for  a  "relief,"  the 
corporal  will  at  once  proceed  to  the  post  of  such 
sentinel,  taking  with  him  the  man  next  for  duty 
on  that  post.     If  relieved  for  a  short  time  only, 
the  corporal  will  see  that  the  sentinel  relieved  is 


—  29  — 

again  posted  as  soon  as  the  necessity  for  his  relief 
ceases. 

82.  A  corporal  of  the  guard  receives  and  obeys 
orders    from   non-commissioned    officers    of   the 
guard  senior  to  himself,  the  officers  of  the  guard, 
the  officer  of  the  day,  and  commanding  officer  of 
the  camp,  of  his  regiment,  and  the  field  officer  of 
the  day  only. 

83.  Immediately  before  the  hours  for  challeng- 
ing to  begin,  the  corporal  whose  relief  is  on  post 
will  communicate  the  countersign  to  all  the  senti- 
nels of  his  relief,  excepting  those  at  the  guard- 
house. 

84.  When  challenged  by  a  sentinel  while  posting 
his  relief,  the  corporal  will  answer,  "Relief" 

At  the  sentinel's  order  to  halt,  the  corporal 
commands:  "i.  Relief,  2.  HAI/T,"  and  at  the 
order  of  the  sentinel  he  advances  alone  to  deliver 
the  countersign  or  to  be  recognized. 

When  the  sentinel  says,  "Advance,  relief"  the 
corporal  commands:  "  i.  Forward,  2.  MARCH." 
If  to  be  relieved,  the  sentinel  is  then  relieved  as 
prescribed  above. 

85.  There  should  be  at  least  one  non-commis- 
sioned officer  constantly  on  the  alert  at  the  guard- 
house, usually  the  corporal  whose  relief  is  on  post. 
This  non-commissioned  officer  takes  post  near  the 
entrance  to  the  guard-house,  and  does  not  fall  in 
with  the  guard  when  it  is  formed.     He  will  answer 
calls  from  the  sentinels  for  the  corporal  of  the 


—  30  — 

guard.  If  called  away,  he  will  notify  the  sergeant 
of  the  guard  before  leaving  the  guard-house.  If 
a  sentinel  calls  for  the  guard,  he  will  promptly 
notify  the  officer  of  the  guard.  He  will  see  that 
no  person  enters  the  guard-house  or  crosses  the 
post  of  the  sentinel  of  the  guard  without  proper 
authority.  He  will,  at  the  proper  time,  notify 
this  sentinel  of  the  hour,  if  sentinels  are  required 
to  call  the  hours  or  half  hours  of  the  night.  He 
will  wake  the  corporal  whose  relief  is  next  on 
post  in  time  for  the  latter  to  form  his  relief  and 
post  it  at  the  proper  hour. 

86.  As  a  general  rule,  he  will  advance  parties 
approaching  the  guard  at  night  in  the  same  man- 
ner that  sentinels  on  post  advance  like  parties. 
Thus:  The  sentinel  at  the  guard  challenges,  and 
reports  the  answer  to  his  challenge  to  the  corporal. 
The  latter  advances  at  port  arms  and  says:  "Ad- 
vance, (So  and  So],  with  the  countersign"  The 
countersign  being  correctly  given,  or  the  party 
being  duly  recognized,  the  corporal  says:  "  The 
countersign  is  right.  Advance,  (S0  and  So)"  re- 
peating the  answer  to  the  sentinel's  challenge. 

The  following  are  exceptions  to  this  rule: 

(i)  In  case  the  party  challenged  be  entitled  to 
inspect  the  guard. 

Upon  receiving  the  countersign,  he  will  say: 
"  The  countersign  is  right,"  and  will  then  call: 
"  Turn  out  the  guard,"  announcing  the  title  of  the 
officer  challenged,  without  advancing  him. 


—  31  — 

Thus,  if  the  answer  to  the  challenge  of  the  sen- 
tinel be  "Officer  of  the  day"  the  corporal  advances 
toward  the  party  challenged,  and  says :  ' '  A  dvance, 
officer  of  the  day,  with  the  countersign"  The 
officer  of  the  day,  having  given  the  countersign, 
the  corporal  says:  "  The  countersign  is  right"  and 
then  calls:  "Turn  out  the  guard.  Officer  of  the 
day." 

(2)  In  case  of  the  approach  of  an  armed  party, 
other  than  a  returning  relief  or  detachment  of 
the  guard  itself,  the  corporal  will  call:  "  Turn  out 
the  gua  rd.  A  rmed  pa  rty . ' ' 

Musicians  of  the  G-uard. 

87.  Musicians  of  the  guard  are  members  of  the 
guard,  and  are  subject  to  the  orders  of  the  com- 
manding officer,  of  the  camp,  of  their  regiment, 
the  field   officer  of   the  day,    the   officer   of  the 
day,  officers  and  non-commissioned  officers  of  the 
guard  only. 

88.  They  will  remain  at  the  guard-house  during 
their  tour,  and  will  fall  in  with  the  guard  when  it 
is  formed.     They  form  on  a  line  with  the  front 
rank,  their  left  two  paces  from  its  right. 

89.  They  will  sound  all  calls  prescribed  by  the 
commanding  officer,  and  such  other  calls  as  may 
be  ordered  by  proper  authority,  at  such  times  and 
places  as  may  be  directed. 

90.  Should  the  guard  be  turned  out  for  national 
or  regimental  colors,  they  will  sound  the  march 
when  the  guard  present  arms. 


-  32  — 

91.  Musicians  of  the  guard  sleep  at  the  guard- 
house. 

Orders  for  Sentinels  on  Post. 

92.  A  sentinel  on  post — 

Will  take  charge  of  all  government  property  in 
view. 

Will  walk  his  post  in  a  military  manner,  keeping 
-constantly  on  the  alert,  observing  everything  that 
takes  place  within  sight  or  hearing. 

Will  report  every  breach  of  orders  or  regulations 
which  he  is  instructed  to  enforce. 

Will  repeat  all  calls  made  from  posts  more  dis- 
tant from  the  guard-house  than  his  own. 

Will  not  quit  his  post  until  properly  relieved. 

Will  receive,  transmit,  and  obey  all  orders  from, 
<and  allow  himself  to  be  relieved  by,  the  command- 
ing officer  of  the  camp,  of  his  regiment,  the  field 
.officer  of  the  day,  an  officer  of  the  day,  an  officer  or 
non-commissioned  officer  of  the  guard  only. 

93.  Sentinels  on  post  are  not  required  to  halt, 
or  change  the  position  of  their  rifle,  on  arriving 
at  the  end  of  their  posts,  or  to  execute  the  "To 
the  rear,  march,"  precisely  as  described  in  the 
drill  regulations,  but  may  face  about,  while  march- 
ing, in  the  way  most  convenient   to  them,   and 
either  to  the  right  about,  or  left  about,  and  at  any 
part  of  the  post,   as  may  be  best  suited   to  the 
proper   performance   of  their   duties.     They  will 
carry  their  arms  on  either  shoulder,  but  will  never 
quit  them. 


—  33  — 

94-  Sentinels  will  not  engage  in  conversation 
not  necessary  to  the  discharge  of  their  duties. 

95.  When  calling  for  any  purpose,  or  in  commu- 
nicating with  any  person,  a  sentinel  will  take  the 
position  of  port  arms. 

96.  If  a  relief  becomes  necessary,  by  reason  of 
sickness  or  other   cause,   the   sentinel   will   call: 
"Relief,  corporal  of  the  guard,  No.  ( — ),"  giving 
the  number  of  his  post. 

97.  To  call  the  corporal  of  the   guard  for  any 
other  purpose  than  relief,  the  sentinel  will  call: 
' '  Corporal  of  the  guard,  No.  ( — ) . ' ' 

When  the  relief  arrives  at  fifteen  yards  from  a 
sentinel,  he  halts  and  faces  toward  it  with  arms  at 
a  carry.  At  six  yards  from  him,  the  corporal 
commands:  "  i.  Relief,  2.  HAI/T." 

The  corporal  then  adds,  according  to  the  num- 
ber of  the  post :  "i.  No.  ( — ),  2.  Port,  3.  ARMS." 

At  the  third  command  the  two  sentinels  come  to 
port  arms,  and  approach  each  other.  The  old 
sentinel  then  gives  the  new  sentinel  his  orders; 
both  sentinels  then  come  to  a  carry.  The  old 
sentinel  then  comes  to  a  right  shoulder  when  the 
relief  does,  and  falls  in  in  rear  of  the  relief  as  it 
passes  him. 

98.  In  case  of  fire,   a  sentinel  will  cry:  "Fire, 
No.  (— )." 

In  case  of  disorder,  cry,  "  The  guard,  No.  ( — )." 
If  the  danger  be  great,  he  will  discharge  his  piece 
before  calling. 

3-N 


—  34  — 

99-  At  night,  exercise  the  greatest  vigilance. 
After  taps,  or  such  other  hour  as  may  be  appointed 
by  the  commanding  officer,  until  broad  daylight, 
challenge  all  parties  seen  on  or  near  the  post,  and 
allow  no  person  to  pass  without  proper  authority. 

100.  Between  taps  (or  the  hour  appointed  by  the 
commanding  officer)  and  broad  daylight,  if  a  sen- 
tinel see  any  party  on  or  near  his  post,  he  will  ad- 
vance rapidly  along  his  post  towards  such  party, 
and  when  about  thirty  yards  from  it,  will  take  the 
position  of  port  arms  (or  if  armed  with  the  saber, 
of  guard,  except  that  the  left  hand  is  at  the  side), 
and  challenge  sharply:  "Who  comes  there?" 

101.  Until  duly  recognized   by   countersign   or 
otherwise,    the   sentinel    will    allow    no   one    to 
approach  nearer  than  within  reach  of  his  bayonet, 
a  distance  of  about  eight  feet. 

102.  If  there  be  two  or  more  persons  in  the  party 
challenged,   the  sentinel  will  suffer  one  only  of 
such  party  to  approach  him  for  the  purpose  of 
giving  the  countersign.    When  this  has  been  done, 
the  whole  party  is  advanced,  i.  e.,  allowed  to  pass. 

Thus:  If  the  answer  be,  "Friends,"  the  sentinel 
will  call:  "Halt.  Advance,  one  with  the  counter- 
sign." The  countersign  being  given,  the  sentinel 
will  say:  "The  countersign  is  right.  Advance, 
friends. ' ' 

If  the  answer  be,  "Patrol,"  the  sentinel  will 
call:  "Halt.  Advance,  one  with  the  countersign;" 
then, ' '  The  countersign  is  right.  Advance,  patrol" 


—  35  — 

If  the  answer  be,  "  Officer  of  the  day  and  officer 
of  the  guard,"  the  sentinel  will  call:  "Halt. 
Advance,  one  with  the  countersign;"  then,  "The 
countersign  is  right.  Advance,  officer  of  the  day 
and  officer  of  the  guard. ' ' 

If  the  answer  be,  "Officer  of  the  day  and  friends, ' ' 
the  sentinel  will  call:  "Halt.  Advance,  one  with 
the  countersign;"  then,  "The  countersign  is  right. 
Advance,  officer  of  the  day  and  friends." 

If  the  answer  be,  "Relief,"  the  sentinel  will  call: 
* **Halt.  Advance,  one  with  the  countersign? '  then, 
"The  countersign  is  right.  Advance,  relief." 

And  so  in  all  similar  cases. 

If  the  answer  to  the  sentinel's  challenge  indicates 
that  one  person  alone  is  approaching,  the  proced- 
ure is  the  same  in  all  cases.  A  single  instance 
will  illustrate.  The  answer  being,  "Friend  with 
the  countersign,"  the  sentinel  will  call:  "Advance, 
friend  with  the  countersign;"  then,  "The  counter- 
sign is  right.  Advance,  friend." 

103.  In  case  a  mounted  party  be  challenged,  be- 
fore advancing  it,  the  sentinel  will  cause  it  to  dis- 
mount, calling:  "Dismount"  after  receiving  an 
answer  to  his  challenge.     He  then  advances  one 
with  the  countersign,  according  to  the  foregoing 
rules. 

104.  In  all  cases  the  sentinel  will  satisfy  himself, 
before  passing  them,  that  the  parties   are   what 
they  represent  themselves  to  be,  and  have  a  right 
to  pass.     If  he  be  not  so  satisfied,  he  will  cause 


—  36  — 

them  to  stand,  and  call  the  corporal  of  the  guard. 
So  likewise  if  he  have  no  authority  to  pass  per- 
sons with  the  countersign,  or  when  the  party 
challenged  has  not  the  countersign,  or  gives  an 
incorrect  one. 

105.  After  challenging  and  duly  recognizing  an 
officer,  the  sentinel,  unless  spoken  to,  stands  at 
attention  at  a  carry  until  the  officer  has  passed 
him.      If   the    officer,    however,   remains   in   the 
vicinity,  the  sentinel  will  resume  walking  his  post. 

1 06.  A  sentinel  will  not  divulge  the  countersign 
to  any  one  except  the  sentinel  who  relieves  him,  or 
to  the  person  from  whom  he  properly  receives  orders, 
on  such  person's  order. 

107.  Sentinels  will  pass  no  one  with  the  counter- 
sign,  except  commissioned  officers  and  those  with 
them.     All  other  persons  must  pass  in  and  out  at 
Post  i,  during  the  hours  of  challenging.     Any  one 
but  an  officer  attempting  to  enter  with  the  coun- 
tersign must  be  at  once  halted,  the  corporal  called, 
who  will  take  him  to  the  officer  of  the  guard. 

108.  Should  sentinels  be  required  to  call  off  the 
hours  or  half  hours  of  the  night,  they  will  call 
successively  in  the  numerical  order  of  their  posts, 
beginning  at  the  guard-house,  at  the  direction  of 
a  non-commissioned  officer  of  the  guard.     No.   i 
calls:  No.  I,  (such}  o'clock,"  after  which  each  one, 
giving  the  number  of  his  post,  repeats  the  hour 
of  the  night,  then  adding:  "All's  well."     Thus, 
"No.  2,  eleven   o'clock.     All's  well."     This   call 


—  37  — 

should  be  made,  and  the  number  of  the  post  and 
the  hour  announced,  in  a  clear  and  distinct  man- 
ner, without  unduly  prolonging  the  words.  In 
case  any  sentinel  fails  to  call  off,  the  one  next 
preceding  him  will  repeat  the  call;  if  he  does  not 
hear  the  next  sentinel  take  it  up  within  a  reason- 
able time,  he  will  call  the  corporal  of  the  guard 
and  inform  him  of  the  facts.  After  the  call  has 
passed  around  the  chain  of  sentinels,  No.  i  will 
call :  '  *  No.  I,  all's  well. ' ' 

109.  The  sentinel  at  the  guard-house,  between 
taps  (or  the  hour  appointed  by  the  commanding 
officer)  and  broad  daylight,  will  challenge  all 
parties  who  approach  the  guard-house,  or  attempt 
to  cross  his  post,  but  unlike  other  sentinels  he  will 
advance  no  one.  After  receiving  an  answer  to  his 
challenge,  he  will  call:  "Halt.  Corporal  of  the 
guard,  (So  and  So},"  repeating  the  answer  to  his 
challenge.  He  will  not  in  such  cases  repeat  the 
number  of*  his  post.  He  remains  in  the  position 
assumed  in  challenging  until  the  corporal  of  the 
guard  turns  out  and  advances  the  party  challenged, 
•when  he  resumes  walking  his  post,  unless  the  party 
be  entitled  to  a  salute;  the  sentinel  will  in  this 
case  stand  at  attention  at  a  carry.  As  soon  as  the 
compliment  is  recognized,  he  resumes  walking  his 
post. 

no.  Between  retreat  and  the  hour  appointed  for 
challenging  to  begin,  and  between  broad  daylight 
and  reveille,  he  will  call:  "  Corporal  of  the  guard, 


—  38  — 

No.  I"  on  the  approach  of  any  person  entitled  to 
compliment,  and  will  stand  at  attention  at  a  carry 
if  any  officer  pass  him. 

in.  A  sentinel  placed  over  the  colors  will  not 
permit  them  to  be  moved,  except  in  the  presence 
of  an  armed  escort. 

112.  He  will  allow  no  one  to  touch  them  but  the 
color-bearer,  or  a  non-commissioned  officer  of  the 
guard  when  he  is  accompanied  by  two  armed  men. 

113.  He  will  see  that  every  person  crossing  the 
color  line  salutes  the  colors.     In  case  any  person 
fails  to  pay  this  mark  of  respect  to  the  colors,  he 
will  call  the  corporal  of  the  guard,  and   inform 
him  of  the  case. 

Saluting1. 

114.  Between  reveille  and  retreat,  salute  with  a 
present  all  officers,  national  and  regimental  colors, 
that  pass  within  saluting  distance . 

115.  Between  retreat  and  reveille,  except  when 
challenging,  face  outward,  and  stand  at  attention 
at  a  carry,  when  an  officer  passes. 

116.  Saluting  distance  is  the  limit  within  which 
individuals  and  the  insignia  of  rank  can  be  readily 
recognized;    this  is  assumed   to  be  about  thirty 
yards.     Officers  will  be  saluted  whether  they  be  in 
uniform  or  not. 

117.  Sentinels  will  salute  an  armed  party  com- 
manded by  a  commissioned  officer.     The  present 
is  given  as  the  officer  in  command  approaches, 


—  39  — 

and  is  maintained  until  he  has  passed.  The  sen- 
tinel then  stands  at  attention  at  a  carry  until  the 
whole  party  has  passed. 

118.  An  armed  party  under  the  command  of  a 
non-commissioned   officer    is   not  saluted.      The 
sentinel  will,  however,  stand  at  attention,   facing 
outward  with  arms  at  a  carry,  while  such  a  party 
passes. 

119.  To  salute,  a  sentinel  halts,  facing  in  the 
direction  in   which   he  was   walking,  brings   his 
piece  to  a  carry  upon  halting,  and  then  faces  out- 
ward.    This  is  done  when  the  approaching  officer 
or  party  arrives  at  a  distance  of  about  thirty  yards 
from  the  sentinel.     If  he  approach  along  the  post, 
the  present  will  be  given  when  the  officer  arrives 
at  a  distance  of  about  six  yards.     If  he  pass  in 
front  of  the  sentinel, but  not  along  the  post,  he  is 
saluted  just  before  he  passes  the  sentinel's  front. 
If  he  cross  the  post,  he  is  saluted  just  before  he 
crosses.     If  he  pass  in  rear,  he  is  not  saluted,  but 
the  sentinel  stands  at  attention,  facing  outward. 

120.  If  an  officer  or  group  of  officers  approach 
and  remain  on  or  near  a  sentinel's  post  without 
coming  under  any  of  the  conditions  described  in 
last  paragraph,  the  sentinel  will  continue  to  walk 
his  post,  and  will  salute  .the  officer  or  group  of 
officers,   as  he  passes  them,  with  the  rifle  salute. 
The  sentinel  in  repassing  the  same  officer  or  group 
of  officers  will  not  again  salute  or  pay  any  further 
compliment. 


—  40  — 

121.  The  sentinel  at  the  guard-house  salutes  in 
every  way  as  prescribed  above. 

122.  Between  reveille  and  retreat,  in  addition  to 
the  salutes  rendered  by  him,  he  will,  on  the  ap- 
proach of  an  armed  body  of  troops  or  a  person 
entitled  to  the  compliment,  call:  "  Turn  out  the 
guard"    and   announce   who    approaches.      The 
guard  will  not  be  turned  out  for  troops  at  drill 
when  they  pass  the  guard-house. 

123.  The  guard  will  be  turned  out  for  national 
or  regimental  colors. 


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